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Yao, Yao and González-Vélez, Horacio (2025) AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital Transformation. Applied Sciences, 15 (9). pp. 1-27. ISSN 2076-3417
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Abstract
As Large Language Models (LLMs) incorporate generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and complex machine learning algorithms, they have proven to be highly effective in assisting human users with complex professional tasks through natural language interaction. However, in addition to their current capabilities, LLMs occasionally generate responses that contain factual inaccuracies, stemming from their dependence on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. To avoid such inaccuracies, also known as hallucinations, people use domain-specific knowledge (expertise) to support LLMs in the corresponding task, but the necessary knowledge engineering process usually requires considerable manual effort from experts. In this paper, we developed an approach to leverage the collective strengths of multiple agents to automatically facilitate the knowledge engineering process and then use the learned knowledge and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines to optimize the performance of LLMs in domain-specific tasks. Through this approach, we effectively build AI assistants based on particular customized knowledge to help students better carry out personalized adaptive learning in digital transformation. Our initial tests demonstrated that integrating a Knowledge Graph (KG) within a RAG framework significantly improved the quality of domain-specific outputs generated by the LLMs. The results also revealed performance fluctuations for LLMs across varying contexts, underscoring the critical need for domain-specific knowledge support to enhance AI-driven adaptive learning systems.
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