A systematic review of green IoT technologies, communication protocols, security challenges, and applications in smart cities

Salih, Sayeed, Hashim, Aisha H. Abdullah, Husain, Omayma, ..., - and Hamdan Mohamed, Mosab (2026) A systematic review of green IoT technologies, communication protocols, security challenges, and applications in smart cities. Telecommunication Systems, 89. ISSN 10184864

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Abstract

The rapid urbanization and the increased need for sustainability have placed the Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) at the center as the key driver of green smart cities. In this paper, a systematic literature review (SLR) of G-IoT technologies and strategies applied in urban settings is provided following PRISMA guidelines. Integrating 130 studies from 2015 to 2025, the review consolidates findings across three interconnected areas: energy-saving technology, communication protocols, and security concerns with corresponding countermeasures. Structuring these findings, the study proposes a three-category technology model and a three-layer security framework. The review highlights the most recent advances, trade-offs, and contextual suitability of G-IoT solutions while identifying gaps that require further investigation. With the merging of these perspectives, the review presents a comprehensive understanding of G-IoT's role in improving energy efficiency, adaptability, and sustainability in smart cities as well as outlining avenues for future research towards achieving greener, adaptive urban environments.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Eco-friendly technologies; Energy efficiency; Green internet of things (G-IoT); IoT sustainability; Security challenges; Smart sustainable cities; Sustainable protocols
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GF Human ecology. Anthropogeography > Human settlements > Built environment G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences > Environmental protection T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering > Telecommunications > Computer networks > Internet of things
Divisions:	School of Computing > Staff Research and Publications
Depositing User:	Tamara Malone
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 09:52
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 09:52
URI:	https://norma.ncirl.ie/id/eprint/9487

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